Racionalización del uso de la cesárea en Colombia. Consenso de la Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (FECOLSOG) y la Federación Colombiana de Perinatología (FECOPEN). Bogotá, 2014 / Consensus for the Rationalization of Cesarean Section Use in Colombia. Federación Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología (FECOLSOG) and Federación Colombiana de Perinatología (FECOPEN). Bogotá, 2014

Objetivos: identificar la tendencia de la tasa de cesárea, la clasificación, los riesgos materno-perinatales, los factores asociados a dicha tasa y proponer estrategias para racionalizar el uso de cesáreas en Colombia.Materiales y métodos: se realizó una revisión de las estadísticas vitales del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) de 1998 a 2013 para estimar la tasa de cesárea, y de las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Lilacs y OVID, con los términos “cesarean section”, “rate”, “maternal mortality”, “neonatal mortality”, “maternal risk”, “perinatal risk”, “trial of labor”, “vaginal birth after cesarean”, “education”, “audit”, “second opinion”, “strategy”, “multiple strategy” y “multifaceted intervention” para identificar revisiones sistemáticas, metaanálisis y estudios clínicos pertinentes publicados en los últimos diez años en inglés o español. Los resultados y las conclusiones fueron discutidos en consenso no formal de expertos realizado el día 9 de mayo de 2014 en Bogotá D.C y socializados en el XIX Congreso Nacional de Obstetricia y Ginecología realizado los días 29 al 31 de mayo de 2014 en Medellín, Colombia.Resultados: la tasa de cesáreas en Colombia pasó de 24,9% en 1998 a 45,7% en 2013. La cesárea incrementa el riesgo de muerte, las complicaciones maternas graves y la morbilidad respiratoria neonatal comparada con el parto vaginal. Factores médicos, socioculturales y económicos incrementan el uso de la cesárea. Las estrategias multifacéticas demuestran mayor efectividad para reducir la tasa de cesárea.Conclusiones: se deben promover estrategias como educación continua, auditoría, mejoramiento de la calidad e involucrar otros actores sociales para generar un cambio cultural y racionalizar el uso de la cesárea en Colombia.

Objectives: Identifying the cesarean section rate, classification, maternal-perinatal risk factors associated with this procedure and to propose strategies to rationalize the use of c-sections in Colombia.Materials and methods: We conducted a review of the vital statistics from the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (DANE) from 1998 to 2013 to estimate the rate of caesarean section and an electronic database search in Medline via PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Lilacs, with the terms “cesarean section”, “rate”, “maternal mortality”, “neonatal mortality”, “maternal risk”, “perinatal risk”, “trial of labor”, “vaginal birth after cesarean section”, “education”, “audit”, “second opinion”, “strategy”, “multiple strategy” and “multifaceted intervention” to identify relevant systematic reviews, meta-analysis and clinical studies published in the last ten years in English or Spanish. The search results and conclusions were discussed in a non-formal consensus on May 9, 2014 in Bogotá D.C and socialized in the 29th National Congress of Obstetrics and Ginecology held on May 29th to 31st of 2014 in Medellín, Colombia.Results: The rate of caesarean sections in Colombia step of 24.9% in 1998 to 45.7% in 2013. C-section increases the risk of death, severe maternal complications and neonatal respiratory morbidity compared with vaginal delivery. Medical, social-cultural and economic factors increase the use of cesarean section. Multifaceted strategies have shown the greatest effectiveness in reducing the rate.Conclusions: Strategies such as education, audit, quality improvement and involvement of other stake holders should be promoted to generate a cultural change and rationalize the rate of cesarean section in Colombia.

Tuberculosis prevention questionnaire: common practices among pulmonary medicine and infectious disease specialists in Puerto Rico

A survey about tuberculosis infection status, surveillance and protection practices among pulmonologists and infectologists was performed.A fourteen-item questionnaire was mailed. The survey was addressed to 108 pulmonologists and 61 infectologists. Responses were collected from 35 pulmonologists (32 percent) and 18 infectologists (29 percent). Sixteen out 35 pulmonologists had a positive tuberculin test (TST) (46 percent). Nine of fourteen took at least 6 months of preventive therapy with isoniazid when converted. Three out of eighteen infectologists had a positive TST. 63 percent of the pulmonologists and 38 percent of the infectologists evaluate their TST every 12 months. 40 percent of the pulmonologists and 66 percent of the infectologists answered that they treat more than ten patients with tuberculosis annually. Interestingly, 50 percent of the responder bronchoscopists use surgical masks instead of recommended HEPA filter masks. 73 percent of the responders reported not having negative pressure rooms when performing procedures. Despite stamped-addressed envelopes and the relation of these professionals with the related issue, low participation was observed.Among the responders a low frequency of TST was observed, especially in those exposed to higher-risk procedures. Non-adequate facilities and lack of use of protective equipment was reported. Even though not representative of the entire medical community the results of this survey are concerning regarding educational and safety policies of our professionals and institutions